Reserva de valor

El término “reserva de valor” se utiliza a menudo para describir al Bitcoin, pero ¿qué significa? 

Para empezar, cualquier activo puede considerarse una reserva de valor si se espera que mantenga su poder adquisitivo. Esto significa que los activos que constituyen “reservas de valor” deben permanecer estables o aumentar su valor, pero también deben seguir siendo útiles en el futuro. 

Hay varios aspectos que son comunes a los activos considerados buenas reservas de valor, aunque no todos son necesarios:

• Aceptabilidad: una gran parte del mercado reconoce el valor del activo.
• Durabilidad: es probable que el mercado acepte el activo en cualquier momento.
• Liquidez: el activo se puede canjear de forma rápida por una amplia variedad de activos. 
• Escasez: el suministro de un activo es cuantificable y es poco probable que aumente de forma significativa. 

Los inversores menos tolerantes al riesgo emplean las reservas de activos de valor, ya que su tesis principal para invertir es que existe una demanda permanente y estable de dicho activo.
 

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Now that you have an overview of what a store of value is, it is important to note that investors tend to diversify their wealth among different stores of value.

Let's dive into some store of value examples.

The most common example of a store of value remains traditional government monies thanks to their durability, liquidity, portability and acceptability. 

Importantly, currencies are able to retain purchasing power over time while being the most liquid medium of exchange, meaning that anyone can exchange it for goods and services at any time. 

Of note, government currencies do tend to slowly lose purchasing power due to inflation (caused by the continued increase of their circulating supplies), a fact which has led to criticisms against government monies by cryptocurrency and bitcoin proponents. 

It should also be noted that most government currencies benefit from a lack of market competition, as laws and regulations often stipulate commerce occurring within a nation’s borders be conducted with a specific currency. 

Precious metals, such as gold, silver and platinum, are the most commonly used stores of value due to their scarcity, durability and acceptability.

Economies have historically used precious metals to facilitate trade, with many countries initially backing their paper currencies with these naturally occurring commodities. 

Under the “gold standard,” a consumer could even redeem their government money for ounces of gold whenever they wished to. However, most governments today no longer adhere to the gold standard.

Bitcoin is perceived as a strong store of value due to its scarcity, transferability and durability. 

In fact, Bitcoin is often referred to as “digital gold” as it shares many of the same features as its precious metal counterpart. Bitcoin as digital gold is viewed as more divisible and fungible than traditional gold assets. 

Another important characteristic is its ability to operate as a good medium of exchange globally, thanks to its divisibility and scarcity. Unlike any other digital goods before it, Bitcoin was able to trade on an open market with the guarantee it could not be copied or spent twice.

Over time, there have been countless attempts at stores of value, ranging from sea shells to barrels of whiskey to anything in between. 

Today, a popular form of store of value can be found in collectibles, such as trading cards and real estate, which are both scarce and desirable in their respective markets. 

Taking it a step further, there is a growing demand for the digital version of collectibles called non-fungible tokens (NFT), unique cryptographic tokens representing these collectibles, which, like cryptocurrencies, can be bought, sold and exchanged over the internet without middlemen.

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Si desea obtener más información sobre lo que convierte al bitcoin y a los NFT en una buena reserva de valor, diríjase a nuestras páginas “¿Qué es el Bitcoin?” y “¿Qué son los tokens no fungibles?” ubicadas en nuestro Centro de aprendizaje para obtener más información. 

Si le interesa obtener más información sobre otras criptomonedas, también puede visitar la página de guías de criptomonedas de Kraken y comprobar los precios de estas.